Sciatica is a condition characterized by pain that follows the path of the sciatic nerve, the longest nerve in the body. This nerve runs from the lower back, through the hips and buttocks, and down each leg. Sciatica occurs when the nerve is irritated, inflamed, compressed, or pinched, often due to a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease. It is a common condition, affecting up to 40% of people at some point in their lives.
The pain from sciatica can range from mild to severe and is often described as sharp, burning, or shooting. In addition to pain, sciatica can cause numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness in the affected leg or foot. It typically affects only one side of the body and can be triggered by activities like heavy lifting or prolonged sitting.
Sciatica is caused by irritation, inflammation, compression, or pinching of the sciatic nerve. Common causes include:
1. Herniated Disc: The inner core of a spinal disc bulges out and presses on the nerve.
2. Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal that compresses the nerve.
3. Degenerative Disc Disease: Discs wear down over time, leading to nerve irritation.
4. Spondylolisthesis: One vertebra slips over another, pinching the nerve.
5. Piriformis Syndrome: Muscle spasms or inflammation in the buttocks affecting the nerve.
Risk factors such as age, occupation, prolonged sitting, and diabetes can increase the likelihood of developing sciatica.
Diagnosing sciatica at Spine & Pain Institute LA begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. We may ask about your symptoms, including the location, nature, and intensity of your pain. During the physical exam, you may be asked to perform movements like walking on your heels or toes, rising from a squatting position, and lifting your leg while lying down (straight leg raise test). These tests help determine if the sciatic nerve is affected.
Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be ordered to pinpoint the exact cause of nerve compression, such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis. Electromyography (EMG) may also be used to measure the electrical activity of muscles and nerves. This comprehensive approach ensures an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan.
At Spine & Pain Institute, we offer comprehensive pain management for sciatica. After a thorough review of your medical history, we make a personalized treatment plan for you.
Sciatica symptoms can vary widely in intensity and location, but they typically follow a recognizable pattern along the path of the sciatic nerve. Common symptoms include:
1. Lower Back Pain: Often a constant, dull ache that can intensify with prolonged sitting or standing.
2. Radiating Leg Pain: Sharp, shooting pain that travels from the lower back, through the buttock, and down the back of one leg. This pain is the hallmark of sciatica.
3. Numbness and Tingling: A tingling, pins-and-needles sensation or numbness can occur in the leg, foot, or toes.
4. Muscle Weakness: Weakness in the affected leg or foot, making it difficult to move or control. This can affect walking, standing, or lifting the foot.
5. Pain that Worsens with Movement: Activities such as coughing, sneezing, or bending can exacerbate the pain.
6. Limited Mobility: Difficulty moving, standing up from a seated position, or walking due to pain and discomfort.
7. Unilateral Symptoms: Typically, sciatica affects only one side of the body, though it can occasionally occur on both sides.
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if they persist or worsen, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.